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Fossil fuels lobby
"Fossil fuels lobby" is the umbrella term used to name the paid representatives of large fossil fuel (oil, gas, coal) and electric utilities corporations who attempt to influence governmental policy. So-called Big Oil companies such as ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell, BP, Total S.A., Koch Industries, Chevron Corporation, and ConocoPhillips are amongst the largest corporations associated with the energy lobby. General Electric, Southern Company, First Energy, and the Edison Electric Institute are among the influential electric utilities corporations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections = Welcome / Main entry page )〕 However, electric companies and big oil and gas companies are consistently not among the ten highest-spending lobbyists - the United States Chamber of Commerce is #1 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lobbying )〕 By sector, "Energy/Nat Resource" comes fifth, behind "Misc Business", "Finance/Insur/RealEst", Health and "Communic/Electronics".〔http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/top.php?showYear=2014&indexType=c〕
==Influence of the energy lobby in the United States==
In the 2006 election cycle, oil and gas companies contributed over $19 million to political campaigns. 82% of that money went to Republican candidates, while the remaining 18% went to Democrats. In 2004, oil and gas companies contributed over $25 million to political campaigns, donating 80% of that money to Republicans. In the 2000 elections, over $34 million was contributed, with 78% of that money going to Republicans. Electric utilities also heavily favor Republicans; their contributions have recently ranged between $15–20 million.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Electric Utilities )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oil & Gas )〕 From 2003-2006, the energy lobby also contributed $58.3 million to state-level campaigns. By comparison, alternative energy interests contributed around half a million dollars in the same time period.〔http://www.followthemoney.org/press/Reports/200705231.pdf〕 During the United States elections in 2012 which includes the presidential election there was much spending by the lobbies.〔(''Fossil Fuel Industry Ads Dominate TV Campaign'' ) September 13, 2012〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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